Writing

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I love stories with great settings, which is why Emily Brontë‘s Wuthering Heights is one of my favourite novels. The setting and atmosphere of Wuthering Heights is so reflective of the relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw that Brontë’s story couldn’t work any other way. Setting and atmosphere was the main topic of Carol Bruneau‘s fourth class of her WFNS creative writing workshop.

Creative Writing with Carol Bruneau: Week Four

Carol Bruneau explains that setting becomes a kind of character. I can certainly think of a number of books where this is the case, but to go back to my Wuthering Heights example, Brontë’s setting not only reflects the physical and emotional struggles of the characters, but Heathcliff’s wild home of Wuthering Heights and Linton’s more sophisticated home of Thrushcross Grange — both of which reside on the violent and unpredictable Yorkshire moors — are also practically characters in themselves because Brontë’s descriptions of them as well as the movement of the weather on the moors propel the storyline forward. This leads me to Bruneau’s next point about setting: setting and atmosphere can reflect the sensibilities of a character and influence the logistics of the plot, because if the setting is consistent then it lays a foundation for the action. She also explains that setting also helps to ground the reader and orient the story.

In order to practice setting the scene for the reader, Bruneau gave us the following writing exercise:

Write a piece of backstory for your character (backstory is something that happened before the action of the story begins). Place your character in his or her favourite childhood memory. Write it in first person and use the character’s senses. Be specific. What does s/he see, smell, taste, hear, feel, etc.

When writing your story, Bruneau suggests paying attention to whether or not the setting influences the story or the characters’ behaviour in some way. If so, that probably means you’re on the right track.

Can you think of any stories other than Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights where setting and atmosphere are so crucial to the storyline that it becomes a kind of character?

Speaking of characters, Bruneau talked about creating characters in class two and developing dialogue in class three. In my next blog post I’ll discuss Bruneau’s fifth creative writing class where she gave us advice on developing plot.

Happy writing!

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Writing dialogue has always been a mystery to me, and oddly terrifying. I’m introverted and, well, a bit of an awkward person, so conversing with people I don’t know well and making small talk has always been a challenge for me. If I sometimes have trouble holding a conversation with another human being, how am I supposed to make up a realistic conversation between fictional characters? I am grateful that the third class in Carol Bruneau‘s WFNS Creative Writing workshop was about developing dialogue because I certainly needed the practice, but it was my least favourite and most challenging class during her eight week long course.

Creative Writing with Carol Bruneau: Week Three

During week three of the workshop, Carol Bruneau explained that dialogue is the way characters speak to each other or don’t speak to each other and that narrative voice is the narrator’s position or point of view in relation to these characters. Although narrative exposition in a story is important, dialogue without much narrative pushes the story forward and increases the tension between characters. This also relates back to my previous post about creating characters because characters begin to take shape and become more real through what they say and the way they speak.

Like all writing, developing dialogue and narrative voice takes practice and work. Bruneau gave us the following three-stage exercise to show us the differences that playing with dialogue and narrative voice can make:

  1. Create an argument between your main character and a secondary character about something that is bugging the main character. Don’t worry about writing what the characters are doing as they speak, just write bare bones dialogue (he said, she said). Notice how quickly the scene progresses. Notice the level of tension between the characters.
  2. Rewrite the argument, but this time add narration to the scene. For example, describe the characters’ actions and facial expressions, or the setting, etc., in amongst the characters’ speech. Compare the tension of this scene to the first one you wrote. How does narration change the scene or the tone of the argument?
  3. If your scene is written in first person, rewrite it in third person. If your scene is written in third person, rewrite it in first person from the point of view of the main character. What would change if the point of view was from the secondary character? How does each narrative point of view differ?

None of these methods is right or wrong or better than the other, but these exercises show a writer how to play with dialogue and narrative voice in order to manipulate the story to answer some of the following questions: What point do I want to get across? What is the purpose of this dialogue, this scene? Is my story better suited to first person or third person narration? Who does the narrator sympathize with? Who do I want readers to sympathize with? etc.

Bruneau also gave the following advice on how to become better at writing dialogue:

  • Eavesdrop. Collect bits of conversations and quirks of speech and then strip them down to the basics.
  • When writing dialects, a little goes a long way.
  • Practice.

Good dialogue can be difficult to write (and I’m certainly no expert) so that last point is very important. To ensure that my dialogue doesn’t sound stilted I’ve started reading it out loud. It might also help if you have a friend who is willing to read it with you or act it out. When you hear your dialogue out loud the ear picks out the awkward and unnatural parts that the eye doesn’t always see.

My next blog post will discuss Bruneau’s fourth class in which she talked about setting and atmosphere. In the meantime, happy writing!

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I’ve never really thought much about writing characters despite often becoming so immersed in a character’s life when I read that when I finish a book I feel like I’ve lost a good friend. Although I know characterization is important to a story because it’s the characters that readers identify with, I always figured that my characters would just develop along with the storyline. I guess I assumed that characterization would just happen, magically, without much thought. And perhaps, in some rare instances, it does; however, Carol Bruneau‘s WFNS Creative Writing Workshop made me realize that rare is the key word in that last sentence There is no writing fairy that will magically build characters for you as you work on story or plot.

Creative writing with Carol Bruneau: Week Two

I realized during the second class of Bruneau’s workshop, which focused on creating and developing characters, that one of the reasons I’ve stalled with my current writing project is that I barely know anything about my characters: what they like, what they dislike, what they want, what their motivation is, what their hobbies are, what their flaws are, whether or not they have a speech impediment, a limp, dry skin, thinning hair, and so forth. The list of details that can create a character are endless. How can a writer, therefore, create a character and put that character into various scenes or situations that are meant to elicit a reaction from the character without first knowing anything about him or her, without first having intimate knowledge about his or her thoughts, fears, hopes, pet peeves, insecurities, physicality, humiliations, motivations, upbringing, family life, work life, failures, and successes, etc.?

Bruneau’s workshop taught me to think about characters as though they are real people. She even suggested that a good starting point is to create composites: Take characteristics from various people you know or have known in the past and blend them together to create a foundation for your character. Then build upward, inventing, to create a character that fits into your story. Of course, depending on how alive your character — this person you’ve created — becomes to you, your story may change or go in a different direction in order to accommodate your character rather than having your character accommodate your story. Bruneau says, “When my characters become real to me, my story becomes real, and by that I mean it takes on the dimensions and complexity and quirkiness of real life.”

During the class, Bruneau gave us the following writing exercise:

Take a person you remember vaguely from your early childhood and describe him or her. Sketch details you recall, then keep going, inventing where “facts” peter out. Tips: Imagine this person in private, something he or she wants, his or her hobbies, home, family, pet peeve or neurosis, and/or something that this person would not want on his or her resumé. If you imagine this person in a negative way, try to come up with something good, something positive, or endearing about him or her. On the other hand, if this person is good, come up with some kind of flaw (nobody is perfect).

I found this exercise both fun and helpful. Building a character from scratch can be challenging, but creating composites is a good starting point to launch from. When doing this exercise I also found it helpful to imagine that I was a journalist asking my character questions as though I was interviewing her, getting ready to write a biography of her life. And, like a biographer, I’d go back again and again asking the same or similar questions to confirm or enrich details, and asking different questions to get a broader picture of the overall person.

When writing characters, Bruneau stresses that if you don’t like a character you’ve created or you don’t find him or her engaging, then it will be difficult to stick with writing this character. It will also likely be difficult for your readers to engage and sympathize with the character. This is the difference between a round and flat character. E.M. Forster, in Aspects of the Novel states, “The test of a round character is whether it is capable of surprising in a convincing way. If it never surprises, it is flat.” To make a character and a story real you have to convince yourself before you can convince your readers. After learning about characters in Bruneau’s workshop and working on her writing exercises, I feel that my characters have become alive and, hopefully, much more convincing.

In my next blog post I’ll discuss the third class of Carol Bruneau‘s creative writing workshop where she discussed developing dialogue and narrative voice.

Click here to read what I learned about writing in Bruneau’s first class.

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Super Swe-e-e-e-t Award ImageEarlier this month I received a Super Swe-e-e-e-t Blogging Award from Alison Delory (http://alisondelory.com/blog/). Alison and I met when we both joined the same writing group. Her success as a freelance writer and editor, and the recent publication of her children’s book, Lunar Lifter, fills me with inspiration. She’s a wonderful person and a great writer.

Although I don’t have a blogroll on my website, I do follow some great blogs and I find I’m discovering more all of the time. Blogs are truly one of the best things about the advent of the internet. That anyone can share her or his writing, thoughts, and experiences with a wide audience is truly amazing and gives one a great sense of community.

Although I may not always have time to read every post by my favourite bloggers, I’ve learned a lot about so many different things from reading blogs. And I’ve even learned a little bit more about myself. I am therefore super happy to give the following bloggers a “shout out” with this Super Swe-e-e-et Blogging Award.

 

The Super Swe-e-e-et Award Guidelines:

If you’re a blogger and would like to mention your favourite blogs by giving them a Super Swe-e-e-e-t Award, please follow the guidelines below:

1: Thank the person who awarded you.

Thanks Alison!

2. Answer the super sw-e-e-e-t questions. (below)

3. Nominate a baker’s dozen (13), or as close to this number as possible. (below)

 

Super Swe-e-e-et Questions:

1. Cookies or Cake?

- Cookies, especially chocolate chip cookies or ginger snaps. I can never resist a cookie, especially when it’s soft and chewy.

2. Chocolate or Vanilla?

- Chocolate, chocolate, and more chocolate. Can you tell I love chocolate? I’m especially a fan of dark chocolate. The darker, the better.

3. What is your favourite sweet treat?

- My Nanie’s brown sugar fudge. She makes it for me every time I go visit her in Ottawa. I have the recipe and will sometimes make it for holidays or parties, but it’s just not the same because my Nanie includes a special ingredient: love.

4. When do you crave sweet things the most?

- After dinner. Having something sweet after dinner is a habit I picked up as a child when my parents always had cookies in the house. I no longer always give in to my sweet after-dinner cravings, but I’m still always tempted.

5. If you had a sweet nickname, what would it be?

- A sweet and simple “sweetie” sounds good to me.

 

My Baker’s Dozen of blogs (in no particular order):

Sarah Phelps Creative (Sarah Phelps): http://sarahphelpscreative.com/

The Cheeky Goat (Joy Farrell-Grove): http://thecheekygoat.wordpress.com/

More Than Just A Listener (Erin Tomlinson): http://erintomlinsontunedin.wordpress.com/

Lavender Lines (Colleen McKie): http://lavenderlines.wordpress.com/

East Coast by Choice (Kimberly Walsh): http://eastcoastbychoice.ca/ http://eastcoastbychoice.wordpress.com/about/

Tanya Davis: http://tanyadavis.ca/fr_blog.cfm?feature=1831197&postid=2685376

Gaspereau Press (Andrew Steeves and Gary Dunfield): http://gaspereaupress.blogspot.ca

Curtains Are Open (Colleen O’Dea Anthony): http://curtainsareopen.blogspot.ca/

Hook and Eye (Heather Zwicker, Aimée Morrison, and Erin Wunker, et. al): http://www.hookandeye.ca/

Sheree Fitch: http://www.shereefitch.com/

Aliventures (Ali Luke): http://www.aliventures.com/

Anagram for Ink (Niko Sylvester): http://nikosilvester.blogspot.ca/

Christina Vasilevski: http://christinavasilevski.com/blog/

All of your blogs are super swe-e-e-e-t. Thank you for enriching my every day life with your words, your wisdom, and your observations of the world around you.

If any of my readers have suggestions on some other great blogs I should check out, please post them in the comments.

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Halifax’s Word on the Street did something a little bit different this year: they offered a couple of free workshops for the public. The writing workshop I attended focused on memory and memoir and was facilitated by three great local authors: Don Aker, a young adult author; Lorri Neilsen Glenn, a poet, an academic, and a memoir writer; and Julie Vandervoort, a creative non-fiction writer.

Each author provided three writing prompts to the workshop that I found very inspiring. The workshop was only about an hour long so each participant had to choose one writing prompt (and therefore one author) to workshop with and glean advice from. This, for me, was a very tough choice.

Don Aker

Don AkerDon Aker has written 18 YA books and has won numerous awards for his work. I’ll admit I haven’t yet read any of his work, but YA literature as a genre is something I’ve only recently started to become interested in; however, Don’s writing prompt intrigued me:

Think of a mistake you made in the past that continues to resonate with you now. Why does it still resonate? Allow your mind to return to the moment when you made this mistake, and list the details you remember about it. Don’t worry about their order — simply jot down as many details as you can recall about the time, place, people, situation, etc.

Who among us has not made mistakes? Sometimes mistakes can be haunting and they are a great topic on which to write. I almost joined Don at his writing station but felt, however, like I was being pulled by a string towards a different author. Nevertheless, Don’s writing prompt is something I intend to come back to one day.

Lorri Neilsen Glenn

Lorri Neilsen GlennI think Lorri Neilsen Glenn is one of my favourite people. I first met her three years ago while I was working on my Master of Arts thesis at Dalhousie University. She gave a lecture on the mixture of academic and creative writing during the English Department’s “Friday Speaker Series,” and I remember asking her how she balanced her creative writing life with academia, because at that time I found that academia (especially academia at Dalhousie) left me devoid of creativity. I can’t remember the answer she gave me (all I remember are the dirty looks I received from some of the professors in the room), but she came up to me after the question period and gave me some suggestions on how to find balance between my creative and academic selves. I really appreciated the advice she gave me and I felt hopeful that academia was no longer creativity’s enemy.

I met Lorri again the following year through my writing group. She was a guest speaker to our group and I found myself so moved by her poetry and advice that I ran out the next day and bought every one of her books that I could find. More recently I read and fell in love with her creative non-fiction book Threading Light: Explorations in Loss and Poetry.

Lorri’s writing prompt was right up my ally:

Lost and Found. We lose and find something every day: Friends, keys, places, gloves, pride, rings, health, houses, and our way. Make a list of 10 things, people, places you have lost or found over the years. Think of specific images (freeze frames) that remind you of that loss or that discovery. Think of sounds and smells, objects, specific places that remind you. Go back to who and where you were then. Then choose one or two of the ten you’ve listed, brainstorm details (in no particular order).

Loss is certainly one of the most impressive concepts humans deal with, and memories of loss can be very powerful. I also love Lorri’s idea of thinking in freeze frames. However, I’ve taken workshops with Lorri before (one of which was about memory and loss), so I figured I should branch out and workshop with a different author where I might perhaps get some different ideas and writing advice.

Julie Vandervoort

Julie VandervoortJulie Vandervoort, the author that the invisible string was pulling me towards, is a creative non-fiction writer. I had just recently won the creative non-fiction prize for the 35th Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia Atlantic Writing Competition, but my winning story was the first creative non-fiction piece I’d ever written. I would like to write more creative non-fiction and I knew Julie would have some good advice.

Julie began her mini workshop by telling us that people often ask her, “What is creative non-fiction?” I often receive this same question when I tell people the genre of my winning AWC story. Julie explained that creative non-fiction has many definitions. It is personal journalism, memoir, essay. It is a fugue, a collage of pieces that stick together, of images and emotions.

Julie’s writing prompt was:

Think of an image, incident, memory, fragment or story that you can’t shake. Summarize it in a sentence or give it a title. What deeply held value do you associate or connect with that memory?

Julie suggested that if a piece is not working to draw a connection between it and a value that is close to your heart. “If you can’t find the value,” she said, “then that is probably why it’s not working.” This insight made me start thinking about a manuscript I’m currently stuck on. I’m certainly going to keep Julie’s advice in mind from now on when my writing stalls.

At the end of the workshop, the three authors came together to offer advice to all of the participants:

Don Aker: “Write more than one lead. You may find the second or third is better than the first.”

Lorri Neilsen Glenn: “Think in terms of scenes, small moments, freeze frames that move you in some way. Don’t worry yet about making it linear. Then, later, look at the big picture and organize it.”

Julie Vandervoort: “If you’re stuck, try writing a page or two by hand. Writing by hand activates a different part of the brain. Resist the urge to go back and edit.”

“Writing is hard,” they all agreed, and to quote writer Buffy Cram, “the only thing worse than writing is not writing.”

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Crystal Vaughan, Halifax Word on the Street, Atlantic Writing Competition Reading

Crystal Vaughan, Halifax Word on the Street, Atlantic Writing Competition Reading

When I was a kid I loved watching the children’s television show Fred Penner’s Place. My favourite part of the show was when the “Word Bird” stopped by to deliver the word of the day. Who knows, but maybe this is where my love of words first originated!

If Fred Penner‘s Word Bird had visited Halifax’s Word on the Street on Sunday, September 23rd, the word of the day would have been: Welcoming. I was amazed at how kind, warm, encouraging and supportive everyone was, not just the WOTS organizers and the Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia, but also the participating authors, the vendors and publishers, and even the complete strangers. The writing community in Halifax is really great and I truly believe this is a wonderful city to live in as an emerging writer.

I initially had quite a lot of anxiety to get on stage and read an excerpt of my winning Atlantic Writing Competition piece. But, although I was very nervous to read something quite personal in front of a bunch of strangers (and a few friends), the reception I received from the audience was wonderful. I also greatly enjoyed listening to excerpts from the winning manuscripts in the other categories.

The 1st place 35th WFNS Atlantic Writing Competition Winners

The 1st place 35th WFNS Atlantic Writing Competition Winners. From left to right: Sasha Dence, Roger Field, Patsy Clothier, Crystal Vaughan, Richard Levangie, and Ruth Morris Schneider

AWC winner Crystal Vaughan (right) with Clare Goulet, the creative writing professor at Mount Saint Vincent University

AWC winner Crystal Vaughan (right) with Clare Goulet, the creative writing professor at MSVU

On the left I’m pictured with Clare Goulet, the creative writing professor at Mount Saint Vincent University. My winning story was first born in her creative writing class back in 2007. From there I took her comments, edited it, sat on it, edited it some more, and then finally got the courage to submit it to the Atlantic Writing Competition. I’m so happy and touched that she came to hear me read, and I want to thank her for all of the advice and support she’s given me over the years.

I even had some Mount Saint Vincent University groupies attend my reading. I’d never met them before, but I appreciate their support.

Mount Saint Vincent University Word on the Street volunteers.

Mount Saint Vincent University Word on the Street volunteers. From left to right: Natalie Giovannetti, Jessalyn Burke, Katryna Hepditch

My Word at the Street fun didn’t end with my AWC reading. I met some great people and heard some great writing. I also found some awesome books for cheap (although I’m not sure where to put them since my bookcase is already overflowing to the max). And, of course, as a Mount Saint Vincent University alum, I had to stop by the MSVU table in the vendors’ tent to say hello.

Visiting the Mount Saint Vincent University table at Word on the Street.

Visiting the Mount Saint Vincent University table at Word on the Street. From left to right: MSVU volunteer Gillian McDonald, Crystal Vaughan, Dr. Anna Smol (MSVU English professor)

I was also excited to see Fierce Ink Press at Word on the Street with Kat Kruger. Kat’s newly published book, The Night Has Teeth, launched last week. I am so excited for her and I can’t wait to read it. Fierce Ink Press, a new Atlantic Canada publishing label, is taking the publishing industry to some new and innovative places with their co-operative publishing model. You can read more about it here. I wish Kat and Fierce Ink Press the best of luck.

YA author Kat Kruger holding her newly published book: The Night Has Teeth

YA author Kat Kruger holding her newly published book: The Night Has Teeth

In addition to my new pile of books, I met a mini RAWR Eep at the Fierce Ink Press table and she decided to follow me home. I just love RAWR Creatures and couldn’t pass up the opportunity to give Sadie Cat a friend.

A Fierce Ink Press Eep made by RAWR Creatures

A Fierce Ink Press Eep made by RAWR Creatures

All in all it was a good day. I want to again thank the Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia, the Atlantic Writing Competition judges, and Word on the Street for their encouragement and support. Also, a big thanks to everyone (friends, past professors, strangers) who came out to hear me read.

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Matterhorn by Karl Marlantes. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matterhorn:_A_Novel_of_the_Vietnam_WarA former high school English teacher whom I keep in touch with recently sent me a link to a talk given by Karl Marlantes, the author of Matterhorn, which is a fictional novel drawn from Marlantes’ experiences during the Vietnam War. Marlantes’ talk, given at the Pritzker Military Library in Chicago, Illinois, begins with him explaining why he wrote a fiction novel rather than a memoir: not only did he want to reach out and tell a story, but he also realized there was a cultural gap that needed to be bridged. He discovered this gap after he returned from the war and saw a group of demonstrators waving North Vietnamese flags and calling him names as he walked past in his military uniform. Most of the men he had fought beside were 19 years old, and at 23 he was one of the oldest in his platoon. As he watched the demonstrators he wanted to tell them that the people they were calling “baby killers” were three years younger than they were and it was only by chance that the demonstrators got to go to college while others had to go to war.

Marlantes knew he couldn’t make the demonstrators understand just by telling them, and so he decided to try to bridge this cultural gap by writing fiction, because “fiction… allows us to see some truths about a situation even though the story is made up.” Marlantes explains, “in order to tell a story about… who we are, fiction is the way to do it, because in fiction you can identify with a character and you lose the distance between yourself and what is being described.” He notes that when he reads a good piece of fiction, “I’ve expanded myself. I’ve stepped out of my own skin and I stepped into someone else’s skin.” That is “one of the great powers of literature,” he continues, “the ability to get the reader to step out of their skin, expand their consciousness and get into someone else’s, and we become bigger people by reading good literature.”

My former teacher only just recently stumbled upon Marlantes’ speech (which you can listen to here), but he vows that every English class he teaches from now is required to listen to the first few minutes of it in which Marlantes discusses the merits of writing and reading fiction. I thank him for pointing me to Marlantes’ talk as well. Because this is why I read. This is why I write. And with each book I read and each word I write down, I hope to grow and become a better person for it.

Why do you read or write?

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Last fall I submitted some poetry to the WFNS Atlantic Writing Competition. Unfortunately my manuscript didn’t make it to the finals. Although disappointed, I wasn’t exactly surprised; I know my writing needs work (as a side note, I happily made it into the finals in a different category, but I can’t say any more in order to honour the integrity of the competition’s anonymous judging).

When I was informed that my poetry manuscript wasn’t moving forward, I was told that I would be given feedback about my submission. But when I received the letter in the mail I didn’t want to open it. What if the judges said my writing sucked? Or that my words were painful to the senses and I should just stop, give up, never write anything ever again. Of course, I’m being hyperbolic; I didn’t expect the judges to be mean. I’m sure if my writing sucked the big one they would say it in the nicest possible way.

So I took a deep breath, opened the letter and started reading. I was provided with two comment sheets — one for each of my judges. I braced myself and read.

The author of the first comment sheet suggested I avoid overused or vague phrases, even citing one or two examples from my work. He or she also suggested that I try to bring a little more uncertainty into my poetry to get the reader asking questions. Lastly, I was told to keep writing. I wasn’t told to stop! I could breathe a sigh of relief (and, yes, I’m aware that this is an overused or clichéd phrase). And the criticism was well-founded and helpful and not soul-shattering at all!

So I quickly moved to the next page, wanting more criticism for maybe the first time ever in my life. But there was nothing on the second page save for praise. I became irrationally angry. Where’s the criticism? Where’s the advice on how to make my writing better? I already know the good things so tell me what’s wrong! Although praise is one way to figure out what you’re doing right, I felt ripped off because I didn’t receive any advice on how to improve. After all, my poetry didn’t make it into the finals for a reason.

I’ve always been afraid of criticism. My writing is close to my heart, a part of me, and so criticism always used to tear me down rather than build me up. But that’s changed somehow. Now I find I need it. I’m still terrified by it, but I’m no longer paralyzed. Rather, I now know it is without criticism that I’ll become paralyzed, static.

I plan to take the advice of my first judge and apply his or her suggestions to my work. As for the comment sheet provided by my second judge: it’ll get shoved in a drawer somewhere. Saying that, I won’t forget about it or throw it away; criticism is necessary for growth and improvement, but everyone still needs a little bit of praise sometimes.

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I recently attended a seminar at the Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia (WFNS) on the intricacies of the writer/editor relationship. I wasn’t sure what to expect from such a workshop, but as both a writer and an editor I walked away with a better understanding of each individual role, how a writer and an editor can work together to create a better narrative, and how both identities can cohabitate in one body.

Cover of Tide Road by Valerie Compton. Retrieved from http://www.gooselane.com/books.php?ean=9780864926357The seminar, facilitated by writer/editor/broadcaster Stephanie Domet, mainly consisted of a dialogue between an author, Valerie Compton, and her editor, Bethany Gibson, on the editorial process of Tide Road, a beautiful novel that was recently published by Goose Lane Editions in Fredericton, New Brunswick (I won’t go into any details about Tide Road, but I highly recommend it).

Compton began the conversation by introducing us to the following quote by Steven Heighton in Workbook: Memos & Dispatches on Writing: “The author’s job is to try to produce a work that renders the editor redundant. The editor’s job is to show that the author has failed to do it.” This sentiment suggests that the writer/editor relationship is often adversarial in nature, but Compton and Gibson are adamant that this doesn’t have to be the case; however, they both agree that a good writer/editor relationship must be built on trust. Both the editor and the writer are ultimately there to serve the text, so if trust between a writer and an editor cannot be established then the narrative is unlikely to become the best it can be.

The role of an editor:

The role of an editor is to be a reader; an editor is probably the closest reader an author will ever have, much more so than a friend or partner who will look at the manuscript with biases. As an impartial reader, an editor will see things and be able to say things that a friend or partner may not; however, rather than an editor showing the author the ways in which s/he has failed, as Heighton humourously suggests, Gibson, the fiction editor at Goose Lane Editions, states that a good editor should hold up a metaphorical mirror to show the author what the work is, what the editor sees, and therefore what the reader may see. The editor’s job is to not take the book over, she explains, but to make it better. Consequently, an editor should never demand changes or tell an author what to do. Not only can this damage the writer/editor relationship by offending the author or removing trust, but also if a particular change doesn’t feel right to an author then that change won’t work or make the book better. Editing is subjective so if an author doesn’t feel right making a change, then it may not be right for the manuscript or what the author intends for the reader.

An author’s intent is really what an editor is looking for, and whether or not this intent is evident on the page. If not, that’s when an editor needs to ask questions and make suggestions beyond superficial grammatical errors.

The role of an author:

Compton describes the role of an author as not writing a story, but as giving the reader an experience. In order to give the reader the experience that the author intends, Compton explains that an editor is essential because an author is too close to the manuscript to separate herself enough to see if what she intends actually comes across on the page. In this sense the author is blind, and this is why the editor must mirror the manuscript back to the author. This means, however, that the author has to be open to constructive criticism and editorial suggestions. Taking all of this into account, when Compton was looking for a publisher for Tide Road she wanted to find an editor who was kind and confident, and who didn’t want to take the book over but wanted to help make it better, shape it, and fix it without telling Compton what to do.

Once an author has an editor, however, an author must remember that s/he is still responsible for self-editing. An author will never be required to change everything an editor suggests (note that not accepting an editor’s suggestions is not grounds for a publishing contract to be cancelled). Gibson explains that an editor is a cheerleader and a midwife, but the editor is not the one writing the book. An editor’s suggestions, therefore, should be a guide rather than a prescription.

An author and editor as one

As someone who writes and does freelance copy editing, I know it can be difficult to turn off the writing mindset when editing and the editing mindset when writing. As for the former, Gibson gives a tip for editors who are also writers: Don’t rewrite an author’s work or undermine the author’s voice (the way the author sees the world and articulates it through narrative). Don’t look at each sentence and think, “This isn’t how I would write it.” If you think something needs to be rewritten, then suggest a revision to the author but don’t prescribe. Don’t think, “Is this the best book I can make it?”; rather, ask yourself, “Is this the best book the author can make it.”

With regards to the need for some people to edit as they write, the advice is always the same: Don’t edit while you write — that’s what rewriting is for. There is plenty of time to edit later, but getting the words down onto the page is the first step.

Getting Published

Lastly, before even attempting to find a publisher for a manuscript, both Compton and Gibson suggest massive self-editing in the form of numerous rewrites. They suggest that writers take workshops, switch manuscripts with another writer for feedback, have a freelance editor take a look at it and give suggestions, or even just let it sit for six months and then go back to it with a fresh eye.

Gibson notes that it is getting more and more difficult to publish writing just because a story is good. She explains that most publishers have few to no in-house editors and so are looking for highly polished material. Gibson therefore advises writers not to send a manuscript to a publisher unless it is complete and unless the writer’s intention shows on the page.

I may have been leery about attending “The Writer/Editor Relationship” seminar but, as always, the Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia does not disappoint. I learned a lot from this seminar, and if you’re a writer or an editor (or both) I hope that you are able to take some knowledge away from this blog post.

For more information about the workshops that the Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia offers, please visit their website.

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Although I haven’t been able to attend the Mount Saint Vincent University (MSVU) Voices Project writing collective (of which I’m a member) since last December due to work responsibilities, I learned an important lesson from it: writing groups help keep one motivated and inspired to write. My absence from group meetings has certainly impaired my motivation to write creatively, and I find myself feeling less inspired with new ideas or techniques. I therefore recently decided I needed to join another writing group — one that doesn’t end with the academic school year.

I first thought about looking for a writing group that was already established, but then I realized I know a lot of people who either write regularly and could use a setting in which to workshop their pieces, or who want to write more and just need some motivation and support from other like-minded people. So I decided to start my own writing group.

The members of my group focus mainly on prose and poetry, but any kind of writing is welcome. Writing is what it’s all about, after all. The group’s mission (thus far) is to meet at least once each month to talk about writing: the successes, the failures, the stumbling blocks, and so forth. The group is also a place where people can share what they are working on and get feedback or advice about what works and what doesn’t.

The group is only just getting off the ground as we decide how we want to organize meetings and writing prompts, and discuss what each of us is looking to take away as a member of a writing group. We haven’t even had our first meeting yet and I’m already a little terrified. Terrified because I’m now accountable to someone other than myself for my actions — not for what I write, but what I don’t. But this isn’t an Oh-my-God-I’m-being-chased-by-an-axe-wielding-maniac kind of terror. It’s a good terror; the kind of terror that excites and motivates. No more excuses.

Well, I guess I better get writing.

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If you’re local to Halifax and interested in being part of a writing group, please reply below or tweet @CrystalPebbles for more information.

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